{"id":5660,"date":"2011-09-16T06:50:11","date_gmt":"2011-09-16T05:50:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilmelanoma.com\/"},"modified":"2023-07-11T07:48:00","modified_gmt":"2023-07-11T06:48:00","slug":"staging-of-melanoma","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ilmelanoma.com\/en\/melanoma\/staging-of-melanoma\/","title":{"rendered":"Staging and prognosis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Staging is the process of determining how much cancer is present and where it is located. It then describes the severity of a malignancy based on the extent of the malignancy and whether it has spread to lymph nodes or other organs.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4848\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4848\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilmelanoma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/melanoma-4.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4848 size-full\" title=\"melanoma-4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ilmelanoma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/melanoma-4.jpg\" alt=\"Melanoma\" width=\"400\" height=\"349\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ilmelanoma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/melanoma-4.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.ilmelanoma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/melanoma-4-300x261.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4848\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Melanoma<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Recognizing the state of the disease allows the doctor to formulate a prognosis and to implement the most effective therapy based on the stage of the tumor<\/p>\n<p>The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM System<\/p>\n<p><strong>T (describes the tumor, its size and its extension within the skin):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TX: the tumor cannot be studied<\/li>\n<li>T0: no evidence of the primary tumor<\/li>\n<li>T1s: Melanoma in situ (Clark level I)<\/li>\n<li>T1a: thickness less than or equal to 1 mm without ulceration and with Clark level II or III<\/li>\n<li>T1b: thickness less than or equal to 1 mm without ulceration and with Clark level IV or V or with ulceration<\/li>\n<li>T2a: thickness between 1.01 and 2.0 mm without ulceration<\/li>\n<li>T2b: thickness between 1.01 and 2.0 mm with ulceration<\/li>\n<li>T3a: thickness between 2.01 and 4.0 mm without ulceration<\/li>\n<li>T3b: thickness between 2.01 and 4.0 mm with ulceration<\/li>\n<li>T4a: thickness greater than 4 mm without ulceration<\/li>\n<li>T4b: thickness greater than 4 mm with ulceration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>N (refers to regional lymph nodes and depends on whether the sentinel node was removed):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>NX: lymph nodes not investigated<\/li>\n<li>N0: no lymph node dissemination<\/li>\n<li>N1a: occult dissemination to 1 satellite lymph node<\/li>\n<li>N1b: dissemination to a clinically apparent lymph node<\/li>\n<li>N2a: dissemination to 2 or 3 satellite lymph nodes, or regional intralymphatic metastases without clinically occult nodal metastasis<\/li>\n<li>N2b: dissemination to 2 or 3 satellite lymph nodes, or regional intralymphatic metastases without clinically apparent nodal metastases<\/li>\n<li>N2c: satellitosis or metastasis in transit without lymph node location<\/li>\n<li>N3: dissemination to 4 or more regional lymph nodes, or metastasis in transit or satellitosis associated with lymph node metastases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Category M (refers to distant metastases).<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>MX: distant metastases cannot be evaluated<\/li>\n<li>M0: no distant metastases<\/li>\n<li>M1a: distant metastases to the skin or subcutis or distant lymph nodes<\/li>\n<li>M1b: metastasis to lung<\/li>\n<li>M1c: metastasis to other organs \u00a0or associated with high levels of LDH<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Staging (SR &#8211; survival rate):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Stage 0: Tis, N0, M0: melanoma in situ<\/li>\n<li>Stage IA: T1a, N0, M0: (SR: 99 %)<\/li>\n<li>Stage IB: T1b or T2a, N0, M0: (SR: 92 %)<\/li>\n<li>Stage IIA: T2b or T3a, N0, M0: (SR: 78 %)<\/li>\n<li>Stage IIB: T3b or T4a, N0, M0: (SR: 68%)<\/li>\n<li>Stage IIC: T4b, N0, M0: (SR: 56 %)<\/li>\n<li>Stage IIIA: T1a-4a, N1a or N2a, M0: (SR: not available)<\/li>\n<li>Stage IIIB: T1b-4b, N1a or N2a, M0 or T1a-4a, N1b or N2b, M0 or T1a\/b-4a\/b, N2c, M0: (SR: 50 %)<\/li>\n<li>Stage IIIC: T1b-4b, N1b or N2b, M0 or any T, N3, M0: (SR: 27 %)<\/li>\n<li>Stage IV: any T, any N, M1: (SR: 18 %)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/melanoma24x30.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Download the PDF of the &#8220;Melanoma staging poster&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Staging is the process of determining how much cancer is present and where it is located. It then describes the severity of a malignancy based on the extent of the malignancy and whether it has spread to lymph nodes or other organs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"parent":4144,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5660","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Staging and prognosis of melanoma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Staging is the process of determining how much cancer is present and where it is located. 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